December 2010 – Ziben IT Solutions

MonthDecember 2010

How to get MAC address in Java

December 30, 2010 / Claudio Cardozo / 0 Comments

Since JDK 1.6, Java developers are able to access network card detail via NetworkInterface class. In this example, we show you how to get the localhost MAC address in Java.

Example : Get MAC Address via NetworkInterface.getByInetAddress()

<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">package</span> <span style="color: #006699;">br.com.ziben</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>

<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">import</span> <span style="color: #006699;">java.net.InetAddress</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">import</span> <span style="color: #006699;">java.net.NetworkInterface</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">import</span> <span style="color: #006699;">java.net.SocketException</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">import</span> <span style="color: #006699;">java.net.UnknownHostException</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>

<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">class</span> app<span style="color: #009900;">{</span>

   <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">static</span> <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">void</span> main<span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #003399;">String</span><span style="color: #009900;">[</span><span style="color: #009900;">]</span> args<span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #009900;">{</span>

	<span style="color: #003399;">InetAddress</span> ip<span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
	<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">try</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span>

		ip <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #003399;">InetAddress</span>.<span style="color: #006633;">getLocalHost</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
		<span style="color: #003399;">System</span>.<span style="color: #006633;">out</span>.<span style="color: #006633;">println</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">"Current IP address : "</span> <span style="color: #339933;">+</span> ip.<span style="color: #006633;">getHostAddress</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>

		NetworkInterface network <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> NetworkInterface.<span style="color: #006633;">getByInetAddress</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>ip<span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>

		<span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">byte</span><span style="color: #009900;">[</span><span style="color: #009900;">]</span> mac <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> network.<span style="color: #006633;">getHardwareAddress</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>

		<span style="color: #003399;">System</span>.<span style="color: #006633;">out</span>.<span style="color: #006633;">print</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">"Current MAC address : "</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>

		StringBuilder sb <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">new</span> StringBuilder<span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
		<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">for</span> <span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">int</span> i <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #cc66cc;">0</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> i <span style="color: #339933;">&lt;</span> mac.<span style="color: #006633;">length</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> i<span style="color: #339933;">++</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span>
			sb.<span style="color: #006633;">append</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #003399;">String</span>.<span style="color: #006633;">format</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">"%02X%s"</span>, mac<span style="color: #009900;">[</span>i<span style="color: #009900;">]</span>, <span style="color: #009900;">(</span>i <span style="color: #339933;">&lt;</span> mac.<span style="color: #006633;">length</span> <span style="color: #339933;">-</span> <span style="color: #cc66cc;">1</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">?</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">"-"</span> <span style="color: #339933;">:</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">""</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
		<span style="color: #009900;">}</span>
		<span style="color: #003399;">System</span>.<span style="color: #006633;">out</span>.<span style="color: #006633;">println</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>sb.<span style="color: #006633;">toString</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>

	<span style="color: #009900;">}</span> <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">catch</span> <span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #003399;">UnknownHostException</span> e<span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span>

		e.<span style="color: #006633;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>

	<span style="color: #009900;">}</span> <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">catch</span> <span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #003399;">SocketException</span> e<span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #009900;">{</span>

		e.<span style="color: #006633;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
 	<span style="color: #009900;">}</span>
    <span style="color: #009900;">}</span>
 <span style="color: #009900;">}</span>

package br.com.ziben;

import java.net.InetAddress;

import java.net.NetworkInterface;

import java.net.SocketException;

import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class app{

public static void main(String[] args){

InetAddress ip;

try {

ip = InetAddress.getLocalHost();

System.out.println("Current IP address : " + ip.getHostAddress());

NetworkInterface network = NetworkInterface.getByInetAddress(ip);

byte[] mac = network.getHardwareAddress();

System.out.print("Current MAC address : ");

StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

for (int i = 0; i < mac.length; i++) {

sb.append(String.format("%02X%s", mac[i], (i < mac.length - 1) ? "-" : ""));

}

System.out.println(sb.toString());

} catch (UnknownHostException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (SocketException e){

e.printStackTrace();

}

Output

Current IP address : 192.168.1.22
Current MAC address : 00-<span style="color: #000000;">26</span>-B9-9B-<span style="color: #000000;">61</span>-BF

1 2	Current IP address : 192.168.1.22 Current MAC address : 00-<span style="color: #000000;">26</span>-B9-9B-<span style="color: #000000;">61</span>-BF

Note
This NetworkInterface.getHardwareAddress() method is only allow to access localhost MAC address, not remote host MAC address.

Old day…

Before JDK1.6 is released, many are using command and pattern to get the MAC address in Windows, minor code changes will enable it to get the MAC address in *nux as well.

Example : Get MAC Address via command & pattern

<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">package</span> <span style="color: #006699;">br.com.ziben</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>

<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">import</span> <span style="color: #006699;">java.io.BufferedReader</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">import</span> <span style="color: #006699;">java.io.IOException</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">import</span> <span style="color: #006699;">java.io.InputStreamReader</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">import</span> <span style="color: #006699;">java.util.regex.Matcher</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">import</span> <span style="color: #006699;">java.util.regex.Pattern</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>

<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">class</span> app<span style="color: #009900;">{</span>

   <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">static</span> <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">void</span> main<span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #003399;">String</span><span style="color: #009900;">[</span><span style="color: #009900;">]</span> args<span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">throws</span> <span style="color: #003399;">IOException</span><span style="color: #009900;">{</span>

       <span style="color: #003399;">String</span> command <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">"ipconfig /all"</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
       <span style="color: #003399;">Process</span> p <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #003399;">Runtime</span>.<span style="color: #006633;">getRuntime</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span>.<span style="color: #006633;">exec</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>command<span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>

       <span style="color: #003399;">BufferedReader</span> inn <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">new</span> <span style="color: #003399;">BufferedReader</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">new</span> <span style="color: #003399;">InputStreamReader</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>p.<span style="color: #006633;">getInputStream</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
       Pattern pattern <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> Pattern.<span style="color: #006633;">compile</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">".*Physical Addres.*: (.*)"</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>

       <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">while</span> <span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">true</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span>
            <span style="color: #003399;">String</span> line <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> inn.<span style="color: #006633;">readLine</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>

	    <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span style="color: #009900;">(</span>line <span style="color: #339933;">==</span> <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">null</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span>
	        <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">break</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>

	    Matcher mm <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> pattern.<span style="color: #006633;">matcher</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>line<span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
	    <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span style="color: #009900;">(</span>mm.<span style="color: #006633;">matches</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span>
	        <span style="color: #003399;">System</span>.<span style="color: #006633;">out</span>.<span style="color: #006633;">println</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>mm.<span style="color: #006633;">group</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #cc66cc;">1</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
	    <span style="color: #009900;">}</span>
	<span style="color: #009900;">}</span>
   <span style="color: #009900;">}</span>
<span style="color: #009900;">}</span>

package br.com.ziben;

import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import java.util.regex.Matcher;

import java.util.regex.Pattern;

public class app{

String command = "ipconfig /all";

Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(command);

BufferedReader inn = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream()));

Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(".*Physical Addres.*: (.*)");

while (true) {

String line = inn.readLine();

if (line == null)

break;

Matcher mm = pattern.matcher(line);

if (mm.matches()) {

System.out.println(mm.group(1));

}

Output

02-00-4E-43-<span style="color: #000000;">50</span>-<span style="color: #000000;">49</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">90</span>-4C-E5-<span style="color: #000000;">44</span>-B9-8F
00-<span style="color: #000000;">26</span>-B9-9B-<span style="color: #000000;">61</span>-BF
00-00-00-00-00-00-00-E0
00-00-00-00-00-00-00-E0
00-00-00-00-00-00-00-E0
00-00-00-00-00-00-00-E0
00-00-00-00-00-00-00-E0

02-00-4E-43-50-49

90-4C-E5-44-B9-8F

00-26-B9-9B-61-BF

00-00-00-00-00-00-00-E0

This obsolete method is not really efficient, because it does not display which MAC address is using now, what it did is just print out all the available MAC address currently attached. However, it’s nice to share here.

How to get IP address in Java

December 30, 2010 / Claudio Cardozo / 0 Comments

To get IP address of the current computer that’s running the Java application, uses InetAddress.getLocalHost() to initialize the InetAddress object and InetAddress.getHostAddress() to get the current IP address.

Full example.

<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">package</span> <span style="color: #006699;">br.com.ziben</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
 
<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">import</span> <span style="color: #006699;">java.net.InetAddress</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">import</span> <span style="color: #006699;">java.net.UnknownHostException</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
 
<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">class</span> app<span style="color: #009900;">{</span>
 
	<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">static</span> <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">void</span> main<span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #003399;">String</span><span style="color: #009900;">[</span><span style="color: #009900;">]</span> args<span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #009900;">{</span>
 
		<span style="color: #003399;">InetAddress</span> ip<span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
		<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">try</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span>
 			ip <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #003399;">InetAddress</span>.<span style="color: #006633;">getLocalHost</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
			<span style="color: #003399;">System</span>.<span style="color: #006633;">out</span>.<span style="color: #006633;">println</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">"Current IP address : "</span> <span style="color: #339933;">+</span> ip.<span style="color: #006633;">getHostAddress</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
 
		<span style="color: #009900;">}</span> <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">catch</span> <span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #003399;">UnknownHostException</span> e<span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span>
 			e.<span style="color: #006633;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
 		<span style="color: #009900;">}</span>
 	<span style="color: #009900;">}</span>
 <span style="color: #009900;">}</span>

package br.com.ziben;

import java.net.InetAddress;

import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class app{

InetAddress ip;

try {

e.printStackTrace();

}

Output

Current IP address : 192.168.0.185

1	Current IP address : 192.168.0.185

IP 192.168.0.185 is my computer’s IP address to run this example, let compare with Ubuntu’s ifconfig

ifconfig output…

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  Endereço de HW b8:ac:6f:74:b7:51  
          inet end.: 192.168.0.185  Bcast:192.168.0.255  Masc:255.255.255.0
          endereço inet6: fe80::baac:6fff:fe74:b751/64 Escopo:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Métrica:1
          pacotes RX:19403 erros:0 descartados:0 excesso:0 quadro:0
          Pacotes TX:14705 erros:0 descartados:0 excesso:0 portadora:0
          colisões:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:10498710 (10.4 MB) TX bytes:2187781 (2.1 MB)
          IRQ:45 Endereço de E/S:0x2000

eth0 Link encap:Ethernet Endereço de HW b8:ac:6f:74:b7:51

inet end.: 192.168.0.185 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Masc:255.255.255.0

endereço inet6: fe80::baac:6fff:fe74:b751/64 Escopo:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Métrica:1

pacotes RX:19403 erros:0 descartados:0 excesso:0 quadro:0

Pacotes TX:14705 erros:0 descartados:0 excesso:0 portadora:0

colisões:0 txqueuelen:1000

RX bytes:10498710 (10.4 MB) TX bytes:2187781 (2.1 MB)

IRQ:45 Endereço de E/S:0x2000

Same, InetAddress.getHostAddress() is working as expected.

Application Authentication with JAX-WS

December 16, 2010 / Claudio Cardozo / 0 Comments

One of the common way to handle authentication in JAX-WS is client provides “username” and “password”, attached it in SOAP request header and send to server, server parse the SOAP document and retrieve the provided “username” and “password” from request header and do validation from database, or whatever method prefer.

In this article, we show you how to implement the above “application level authentication in JAX-WS”.

Ideas…

On the web service client site, just put your “username” and “password” into request header.

    Map<span style="color: #339933;">&lt;</span>String, Object<span style="color: #339933;">&gt;</span> req_ctx <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>BindingProvider<span style="color: #009900;">)</span>port<span style="color: #009900;">)</span>.<span style="color: #006633;">getRequestContext</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
    req_ctx.<span style="color: #006633;">put</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>BindingProvider.<span style="color: #006633;">ENDPOINT_ADDRESS_PROPERTY</span>, WS_URL<span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
 
    Map<span style="color: #339933;">&lt;</span>String, List<span style="color: #339933;">&lt;</span>String<span style="color: #339933;">&gt;&gt;</span> headers <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">new</span> HashMap<span style="color: #339933;">&lt;</span>String, List<span style="color: #339933;">&lt;</span>String<span style="color: #339933;">&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
    headers.<span style="color: #006633;">put</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">"Username"</span>, <span style="color: #003399;">Collections</span>.<span style="color: #006633;">singletonList</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">"cazo"</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
    headers.<span style="color: #006633;">put</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">"Password"</span>, <span style="color: #003399;">Collections</span>.<span style="color: #006633;">singletonList</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">"password"</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
    req_ctx.<span style="color: #006633;">put</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>MessageContext.<span style="color: #006633;">HTTP_REQUEST_HEADERS</span>, headers<span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>

Map<String, Object> req_ctx = ((BindingProvider)port).getRequestContext();

req_ctx.put(BindingProvider.ENDPOINT_ADDRESS_PROPERTY, WS_URL);

Map<String, List<String>> headers = new HashMap<String, List<String>>();

headers.put("Username", Collections.singletonList("cazo"));

headers.put("Password", Collections.singletonList("password"));

req_ctx.put(MessageContext.HTTP_REQUEST_HEADERS, headers);

On the web service server site, get the request header parameters via WebServiceContext.

    @Resource
    WebServiceContext wsctx<span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
 
    @Override
    <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span style="color: #003399;">String</span> method<span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span>
 
        MessageContext mctx <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> wsctx.<span style="color: #006633;">getMessageContext</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
 
	<span style="color: #666666; font-style: italic;">//get detail from request headers</span>
        <span style="color: #003399;">Map</span> http_headers <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #003399;">Map</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> mctx.<span style="color: #006633;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>MessageContext.<span style="color: #006633;">HTTP_REQUEST_HEADERS</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
        <span style="color: #003399;">List</span> userList <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #003399;">List</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> http_headers.<span style="color: #006633;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">"Username"</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
        <span style="color: #003399;">List</span> passList <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #003399;">List</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> http_headers.<span style="color: #006633;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">"Password"</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
 
    <span style="color: #666666; font-style: italic;">//...</span>

@Resource

WebServiceContext wsctx;

@Override

public String method() {

MessageContext mctx = wsctx.getMessageContext();

//get detail from request headers

Map http_headers = (Map) mctx.get(MessageContext.HTTP_REQUEST_HEADERS);

List userList = (List) http_headers.get("Username");

List passList = (List) http_headers.get("Password");

//...

That’s all, now, your deployed JAX-WS is supported application level authentication.

Authentication with JAX-WS Example

See a complete example.

1. WebService Server

Create a simple JAX-WS hello world example to handle the authentication in application level.

File : HelloWorld.java

<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">package</span> <span style="color: #006699;">br.com.ziben.ws</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
 
<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">import</span> <span style="color: #006699;">javax.jws.WebMethod</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">import</span> <span style="color: #006699;">javax.jws.WebService</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">import</span> <span style="color: #006699;">javax.jws.soap.SOAPBinding</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">import</span> <span style="color: #006699;">javax.jws.soap.SOAPBinding.Style</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
 
<span style="color: #666666; font-style: italic;">//Service Endpoint Interface</span>
@WebService
@SOAPBinding<span style="color: #009900;">(</span>style <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #003399;">Style</span>.<span style="color: #006633;">RPC</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">interface</span> HelloWorld<span style="color: #009900;">{</span>
 
	@WebMethod <span style="color: #003399;">String</span> getHelloWorldAsString<span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
 
<span style="color: #009900;">}</span>

package br.com.ziben.ws;

import javax.jws.WebMethod;

import javax.jws.WebService;

import javax.jws.soap.SOAPBinding;

import javax.jws.soap.SOAPBinding.Style;

//Service Endpoint Interface

@WebService

@SOAPBinding(style = Style.RPC)

public interface HelloWorld{

@WebMethod String getHelloWorldAsString();

}

HelloWorldImpl.java

<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">package</span> <span style="color: #006699;">br.com.ziben.ws</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
 
<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">import</span> <span style="color: #006699;">java.util.List</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">import</span> <span style="color: #006699;">java.util.Map</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
 
<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">import</span> <span style="color: #006699;">javax.annotation.Resource</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">import</span> <span style="color: #006699;">javax.jws.WebService</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">import</span> <span style="color: #006699;">javax.xml.ws.WebServiceContext</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">import</span> <span style="color: #006699;">javax.xml.ws.handler.MessageContext</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
 
<span style="color: #666666; font-style: italic;">//Service Implementation Bean</span>
@WebService<span style="color: #009900;">(</span>endpointInterface <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">"br.com.ziben.ws.HelloWorld"</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span>
<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">class</span> HelloWorldImpl <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">implements</span> HelloWorld<span style="color: #009900;">{</span>
 
    @Resource
    WebServiceContext wsctx<span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
 
    @Override
    <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span style="color: #003399;">String</span> getHelloWorldAsString<span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span>
 
	MessageContext mctx <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> wsctx.<span style="color: #006633;">getMessageContext</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
 
	<span style="color: #666666; font-style: italic;">//get detail from request headers</span>
        <span style="color: #003399;">Map</span> http_headers <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #003399;">Map</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> mctx.<span style="color: #006633;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>MessageContext.<span style="color: #006633;">HTTP_REQUEST_HEADERS</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
        <span style="color: #003399;">List</span> userList <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #003399;">List</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> http_headers.<span style="color: #006633;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">"Username"</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
        <span style="color: #003399;">List</span> passList <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #003399;">List</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> http_headers.<span style="color: #006633;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">"Password"</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
 
        <span style="color: #003399;">String</span> username <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">""</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
        <span style="color: #003399;">String</span> password <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">""</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
 
        <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">if</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>userList<span style="color: #339933;">!=</span><span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">null</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #009900;">{</span>
        	<span style="color: #666666; font-style: italic;">//get username</span>
        	username <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> userList.<span style="color: #006633;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #cc66cc;">0</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span>.<span style="color: #006633;">toString</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
        <span style="color: #009900;">}</span>
 
        <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">if</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>passList<span style="color: #339933;">!=</span><span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">null</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #009900;">{</span>
        	<span style="color: #666666; font-style: italic;">//get password</span>
        	password <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> passList.<span style="color: #006633;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #cc66cc;">0</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span>.<span style="color: #006633;">toString</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
        <span style="color: #009900;">}</span>
 
        <span style="color: #666666; font-style: italic;">//Should validate username and password with database</span>
        <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span style="color: #009900;">(</span>username.<span style="color: #006633;">equals</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">"cazo"</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">&amp;&amp;</span> password.<span style="color: #006633;">equals</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">"password"</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #009900;">{</span>
        	<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">return</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">"Hello World JAX-WS - Valid User!"</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
        <span style="color: #009900;">}</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">else</span><span style="color: #009900;">{</span>
        	<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">return</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">"Unknown User!"</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
        <span style="color: #009900;">}</span>
 
    <span style="color: #009900;">}</span>
<span style="color: #009900;">}</span>

package br.com.ziben.ws;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Map;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import javax.jws.WebService;

import javax.xml.ws.WebServiceContext;

import javax.xml.ws.handler.MessageContext;

//Service Implementation Bean

@WebService(endpointInterface = "br.com.ziben.ws.HelloWorld")

public class HelloWorldImpl implements HelloWorld{

@Resource

WebServiceContext wsctx;

@Override

public String getHelloWorldAsString() {

//get detail from request headers

String username = "";

String password = "";

if(userList!=null){

//get username

username = userList.get(0).toString();

}

if(passList!=null){

//get password

password = passList.get(0).toString();

}

//Should validate username and password with database

if (username.equals("cazo") && password.equals("password")){

return "Hello World JAX-WS - Valid User!";

}else{

return "Unknown User!";

}

2. EndPoint Publisher

Create an endpoint publisher to deploy above web service at this URL : “http://localhost:9999/ws/hello”

File : HelloWorldPublisher.java

<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">package</span> <span style="color: #006699;">br.com.ziben.endpoint</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
 
<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">import</span> <span style="color: #006699;">javax.xml.ws.Endpoint</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">import</span> <span style="color: #006699;">br.com.ziben.ws.HelloWorldImpl</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
 
<span style="color: #666666; font-style: italic;">//Endpoint publisher</span>
<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">class</span> HelloWorldPublisher<span style="color: #009900;">{</span>
 
    <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">static</span> <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">void</span> main<span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #003399;">String</span><span style="color: #009900;">[</span><span style="color: #009900;">]</span> args<span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span>
	   Endpoint.<span style="color: #006633;">publish</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">"http://localhost:9999/ws/hello"</span>, <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">new</span> HelloWorldImpl<span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
    <span style="color: #009900;">}</span>
 
<span style="color: #009900;">}</span>

package br.com.ziben.endpoint;

import javax.xml.ws.Endpoint;

import br.com.ziben.ws.HelloWorldImpl;

//Endpoint publisher

public class HelloWorldPublisher{

Endpoint.publish("http://localhost:9999/ws/hello", new HelloWorldImpl());

}

3. WebService Client

Create a web service client to send “username” and “password” for authentication.

File : HelloWorldClient.java

<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">package</span> <span style="color: #006699;">br.com.ziben.client</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
 
<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">import</span> <span style="color: #006699;">java.net.URL</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">import</span> <span style="color: #006699;">java.util.Collections</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">import</span> <span style="color: #006699;">java.util.HashMap</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">import</span> <span style="color: #006699;">java.util.List</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">import</span> <span style="color: #006699;">java.util.Map</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
 
<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">import</span> <span style="color: #006699;">javax.xml.namespace.QName</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">import</span> <span style="color: #006699;">javax.xml.ws.BindingProvider</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">import</span> <span style="color: #006699;">javax.xml.ws.Service</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">import</span> <span style="color: #006699;">javax.xml.ws.handler.MessageContext</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
 
<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">import</span> <span style="color: #006699;">br.com.ziben.ws.HelloWorld</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
 
<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">class</span> HelloWorldClient<span style="color: #009900;">{</span>
 
	<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">private</span> <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">static</span> <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">final</span> <span style="color: #003399;">String</span> WS_URL <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">"http://localhost:9999/ws/hello?wsdl"</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
 
	<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">static</span> <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">void</span> main<span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #003399;">String</span><span style="color: #009900;">[</span><span style="color: #009900;">]</span> args<span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">throws</span> <span style="color: #003399;">Exception</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span>
 
	<span style="color: #003399;">URL</span> url <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">new</span> <span style="color: #003399;">URL</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>WS_URL<span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
        QName qname <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">new</span> QName<span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">"http://ws.ziben.com.br/"</span>, <span style="color: #0000ff;">"HelloWorldImplService"</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
 
        Service service <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> Service.<span style="color: #006633;">create</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>url, qname<span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
        HelloWorld hello <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> service.<span style="color: #006633;">getPort</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>HelloWorld.<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">class</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
 
        <span style="color: #666666; font-style: italic;">/*******************UserName &amp; Password ******************************/</span>
        Map<span style="color: #339933;">&lt;</span>String, Object<span style="color: #339933;">&gt;</span> req_ctx <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>BindingProvider<span style="color: #009900;">)</span>hello<span style="color: #009900;">)</span>.<span style="color: #006633;">getRequestContext</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
        req_ctx.<span style="color: #006633;">put</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>BindingProvider.<span style="color: #006633;">ENDPOINT_ADDRESS_PROPERTY</span>, WS_URL<span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
 
        Map<span style="color: #339933;">&lt;</span>String, List<span style="color: #339933;">&lt;</span>String<span style="color: #339933;">&gt;&gt;</span> headers <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">new</span> HashMap<span style="color: #339933;">&lt;</span>String, List<span style="color: #339933;">&lt;</span>String<span style="color: #339933;">&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
        headers.<span style="color: #006633;">put</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">"Username"</span>, <span style="color: #003399;">Collections</span>.<span style="color: #006633;">singletonList</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">"cazo"</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
        headers.<span style="color: #006633;">put</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">"Password"</span>, <span style="color: #003399;">Collections</span>.<span style="color: #006633;">singletonList</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">"password"</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
        req_ctx.<span style="color: #006633;">put</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>MessageContext.<span style="color: #006633;">HTTP_REQUEST_HEADERS</span>, headers<span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
        <span style="color: #666666; font-style: italic;">/**********************************************************************/</span>
 
        <span style="color: #003399;">System</span>.<span style="color: #006633;">out</span>.<span style="color: #006633;">println</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>hello.<span style="color: #006633;">getHelloWorldAsString</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
 
    <span style="color: #009900;">}</span>
<span style="color: #009900;">}</span>

package br.com.ziben.client;

import java.net.URL;

import java.util.Collections;

import java.util.HashMap;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Map;

import javax.xml.namespace.QName;

import javax.xml.ws.BindingProvider;

import javax.xml.ws.Service;

import javax.xml.ws.handler.MessageContext;

import br.com.ziben.ws.HelloWorld;

public class HelloWorldClient{

private static final String WS_URL = "http://localhost:9999/ws/hello?wsdl";

URL url = new URL(WS_URL);

QName qname = new QName("http://ws.ziben.com.br/", "HelloWorldImplService");

Service service = Service.create(url, qname);

HelloWorld hello = service.getPort(HelloWorld.class);

/*******************UserName & Password ******************************/

Map<String, Object> req_ctx = ((BindingProvider)hello).getRequestContext();

/**********************************************************************/

System.out.println(hello.getHelloWorldAsString());

}

Output

Hello World JAX-WS - Valid User<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">!</span>

1	Hello World JAX-WS - Valid User<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">!</span>

4. Tracing SOAP Traffic

From top to bottom, showing how SOAP envelope flows between client and server.

1. Client send request, the username “cazo” and password “password” are included in the SOAP envelope.

POST /ws/hello?wsdl HTTP/1.1
Password: password
Username: cazo
SOAPAction: ""
Accept: text/xml, multipart/related, text/html, image/gif, image/jpeg, *; q=.2, */*; q=.2
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
User-Agent: Java/1.6.0_13
Host: localhost:8888
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 178
 
<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;?xml</span> <span style="color: #000066;">version</span>=<span style="color: #ff0000;">"1.0"</span> <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">?&gt;</span></span>
	<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;S:Envelope</span> <span style="color: #000066;">xmlns:S</span>=<span style="color: #ff0000;">"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span>
		<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;S:Body<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span>
			<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;ns2:getHelloWorldAsString</span> <span style="color: #000066;">xmlns:ns2</span>=<span style="color: #ff0000;">"http://ws.ziben.com.br/"</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">/&gt;</span></span>
		<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;/S:Body<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span>
	<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;/S:Envelope<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span>

POST /ws/hello?wsdl HTTP/1.1

Password: password

Username: cazo

SOAPAction: ""

Accept: text/xml, multipart/related, text/html, image/gif, image/jpeg, *; q=.2, */*; q=.2

Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8

User-Agent: Java/1.6.0_13

Host: localhost:8888

Connection: keep-alive

Content-Length: 178

<?xml version="1.0" ?>

<S:Envelope xmlns:S="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">

<S:Body>

<ns2:getHelloWorldAsString xmlns:ns2="http://ws.ziben.com.br/"/>

</S:Body>

</S:Envelope>

2. Server send back a normal response.

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Transfer-encoding: chunked
Content-type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
 
<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;?xml</span> <span style="color: #000066;">version</span>=<span style="color: #ff0000;">"1.0"</span> <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">?&gt;</span></span>
	<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;S:Envelope</span> <span style="color: #000066;">xmlns:S</span>=<span style="color: #ff0000;">"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span>
		<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;S:Body<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span>
			<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;ns2:getHelloWorldAsStringResponse</span> <span style="color: #000066;">xmlns:ns2</span>=<span style="color: #ff0000;">"http://ws.ziben.com.br/"</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span>
				<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;return<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span>Hello World JAX-WS - Valid User!<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;/return<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span>
			<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;/ns2:getHelloWorldAsStringResponse<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span>
		<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;/S:Body<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span>
	<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;/S:Envelope<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span>

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Transfer-encoding: chunked

Content-type: text/xml; charset=utf-8

<S:Body>

<ns2:getHelloWorldAsStringResponse xmlns:ns2="http://ws.ziben.com.br/">

<return>Hello World JAX-WS - Valid User!</return>

</ns2:getHelloWorldAsStringResponse>

</S:Body>

</S:Envelope>

Done.

Ubuntu May Replace GDM with LightDM

December 13, 2010 / Claudio Cardozo / 0 Comments

Yet another possible change in Ubuntu’s core components: they’re mulling over replacing GDM with LightDM. Why? Well: “Faster – the greeter doesn’t require an entire GNOME session to run. More flexible – multiple greeters are supported through a well defined interface. This allows Ubuntu derivatives to use the same display manager (e.g. Kubuntu, Lubuntu etc.). Simpler codebase – similar feature set in ~5000 lines of code compared to 50000 in GDM. Supports more usecases – first class support for XDMCP and multihead.”

Linux: Executando comandos em looping no shell

December 2, 2010 / Claudio Cardozo / 0 Comments

Como fazer o seu shell ficar rodando um comando qualquer sempre? Utilizando os laços while e until.

Exemplo:
Para o shell executar o comando “netstat -nat” a cada um segundo podemos fazer o seguinte:

$ while true; do netstat -nat; sleep 1; clear; done;

Esse comando executa “netstat -nat” enquanto a expressão true for verdadeira, como a expressão true SEMPRE será verdadeira, o laço se repetira infinitamente.
Com isto podemos executar qualquer comando, fica a critério do usuário e isto também não impede o uso de auxiliares como o “pipe” (|) ou “&&”.#

Também podemos fazer a mesma coisa com o comando until:

$ until false; do netstat -nat; sleep 1; clear; done;

Da mesma forma que o exemplo anterior, este laço repetirá o comando infinitamente enquanto a expressão false for falsa.

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Ubuntu May Replace GDM with LightDM

Linux: Executando comandos em looping no shell